Tiga Naga Emas - Global

It is widely acknowledged that climate change is a global problem that has irreversible impacts on all development sectors and poses a threat to the survival of millions of people. If this problem is not tackled now, the stabilization of greenhouse gases (GHG) will be even more challenging and the impacts of climate change will be unavoidable. Moreover, the cost of inaction will be too high to handle and will place an overwhelming burden on future generations. There is a wide range of policy instruments that countries can use to lower their emissions and ultimately shift from a fossil fuel-based to low-carbon economy. To achieve environmental excellence, both command and control (regulatory) approaches and market instruments such as taxation and incentives are necessary. Regulations can be effective to determine the direction and set national targets. However, unlike market instruments, regulatory approaches do not consider cost-effectiveness of emission reduction measures and therefor...

Since the Industrial Revolution, the global annual temperature has increased in total by a little more than 1 degree Celsius, or about 2 degrees Fahrenheit. Between 1880—the year that accurate recordkeeping began—and 1980, it rose on average by 0.07 degrees Celsius (0.13 degrees Fahrenheit) every 10 years. Since 1981, however, the rate of increase has more than doubled: For the last 40 years, we’ve seen the global annual temperature rise by 0.18 degrees Celsius, or 0.32 degrees Fahrenheit, per decade. The result? A planet that has never been hotter. Nine of the 10 warmest years since 1880 have occurred since 2005—and the 5 warmest years on record have all occurred since 2015. Climate change deniers have argued that there has been a “pause” or a “slowdown” in rising global temperatures, but numerous studies, including a 2018 paper published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, have disproved this claim. The impacts of global warming are already harming people around the world....